#612004
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 4; THC4

Alternative titles; symbols
THROMBOCYTOPENIA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, 4

Phenotype Gene Relationships
Location Phenotype Phenotype
MIM number
Gene/Locus Gene/Locus
MIM number
7p15.3 Thrombocytopenia 4 612004 CYCS 123970

TEXT
A number sign (#) is used with this entry because of evidence that a form of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic thrombocytopenia is due to a mutation in cytochrome c (CYCS; 123970).

For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of thrombocytopenia, see 313900.

Clinical Features
Morison et al. (2008) described a 6-generation pedigree segregating autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia. Affected individuals had platelet counts ranging from 73 to 167 with a reference interval of 150 to 430. Clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia were absent or mild. Affected individuals had normal longevity, fertility, and fitness with no evidence of neurodegenerative, muscular, eye, or kidney disease, or diabetes.

Molecular Genetics
Morison et al. (2008) identified a G-to-A transition at nucleotide 132 in exon 2 of the gene encoding cytochrome c (CYCS; 123970.0001) that caused a substitution of glycine by serine at codon 41 (G41S). Cytochrome c is a highly conserved protein, and glycine-41 is invariant among 113 eukaryotic species. Peripheral blood from affected family members contained the same proportion of immature platelets as controls, indicating no reduction of platelet life span. However, the absolute number of immature platelets was lower, suggesting reduced production. Bone marrow from a 76-year-old affected individual showed intramedullary naked megakaryocyte nuclei and platelets, suggesting dysregulated megakaryopoiesis with premature release of platelets into the marrow space rather than into sinusoids.

REFERENCES
1. Morison, I. M., Borde, E. M. C., Cheesman, E. J., Cheong, P. L., Holyoake, A. J., Fichelson, S., Weeks, R. J., Lo, A., Davies, S. M. K., Wilbanks, S. M., Fagerlund, R. D., Ludgate, M. W., da Silva Tatley, F. M., Coker, M. S. A., Bockett, N. A., Hughes, G., Pippig, D. A., Smith, M. P., Capron, C., Ledgerwood, E. C. A mutation of human cytochrome c enhances the intrinsic apoptotic pathway but causes only thrombocytopenia. Nature Genet. 40: 387-389, 2008. [PubMed: 18345000, related citations] [Full Text: Nature Publishing Group, Pubget]

Creation Date: Ada Hamosh : 4/23/2008
Edit History: alopez : 04/23/2008