Phenotypes associated with the disease dystonia 5 (OMIM:128230):
- Resting tremor (HP:0002322): A resting tremor occurs when muscles are at rest and becomes less noticeable or disappears when the affected muscles are moved. Resting tremors are often slow and coarse. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Gaze-evoked horizontal nystagmus (HP:0007979): Horizontal nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Bradykinesia (HP:0002067): Bradykinesia literally means slow movement, and is used clinically to denote a slowness in the execution of movement (in contrast to hypokinesia, which is used to refer to slowness in the initiation of movement). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Dystonia (HP:0001332): An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Gait ataxia (HP:0002066): A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Transient hyperphenylalaninemia (HP:0008297): A condition of not having consistently high levels of phenylalanine in the blood but of experiencing temporary hyperphenylalaninemia following ingestion of large quantities of phenylalanine (for instance, following an oral loading test with phenylalanine). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:128230)
- Childhood onset (HP:0011463): Onset of disease at the age of between 1 and 5 years. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:7874165)
- Hyperreflexia (HP:0001347): Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Torticollis (HP:0000473): Involuntary contractions of the neck musculature resulting in an abnormal posture of or abnormal movements of the head. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Incoordination (HP:0002311): A deficit in coordination of muscle movements. Coordination is defined as the orchestrated movement of multiple body parts as required to accomplish intended actions, like walking. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Writer's cramp (HP:0002356): A focal dystonia of the fingers, hand, and/or forearm that appears when the affected person attempts to do a task that requires fine motor movements such as writing or playing a musical instrument. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:128230)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:128230)
- Talipes equinovarus (HP:0001762): Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:128230)
- Babinski sign (HP:0003487): Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Pes cavus (HP:0001761): An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Cogwheel rigidity (HP:0002396): A type of rigidity in which a muscle responds with cogwheellike jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb (i.e., it gives way in little, repeated jerks when the muscle is passively stretched). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Postural tremor (HP:0002174): A type of tremors that is triggered by holding a limb in a fixed position. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:128230)
- Dysdiadochokinesis (HP:0002075): A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to perform rapidly alternating movements, such as pronating and supinating his or her hand on the dorsum of the other hand as rapidly as possible. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Jaw hyperreflexia (HP:0033683): Increased intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in jaw. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (OMIM:128230)
- Parkinsonism with favorable response to dopaminergic medication (HP:0002548): Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome that is a feature of a number of different diseases, including Parkinson disease itself, other neurodegenerative diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy, and as a side-effect of some neuroleptic medications. Some but not all individuals with Parkinsonism show responsiveness to dopaminergic medication defined as a substantial reduction of amelioration of the component signs of Parkinsonism (including mainly tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability) upon administration of dopaminergic medication. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Impaired distal vibration sensation (HP:0006886): A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration in the distal portions of the limbs. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:16908750)
- Autosomal dominant inheritance (HP:0000006): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:7874165)