Phenotypes associated with the disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (OMIM:213700):
- Delayed somatosensory central conduction time (HP:0100291): An abnormal increase (delay) in the somatosensory central conduction time (CCT), which can be measured from the peak of N13 to the peak of N20 (peak CCT) or from the onset of N11 to the onset of N20 (onset CCT). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Cerebellar atrophy (HP:0001272): Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Elevated urinary bile alcohol level (HP:6001007): The amount of bile alcohol in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:20301583)
- EEG with generalized slow activity (HP:0010845): Diffuse slowing of cerebral electrical activity recorded along the scalp by electroencephalography (EEG). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Tuberous xanthoma (HP:0031290): A type of xanthoma characterized by a nodular form. Tuberous xanthomas are firm subcutaneous nodules,whereby the overlying skin can have red or red-yellow color changes. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Osteoporosis (HP:0000939): Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Cataract (HP:0000518): A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Hallucinations (HP:0000738): Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. These perceptions are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)
- Lower limb muscle weakness (HP:0007340): Weakness of the muscles of the legs. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Pseudobulbar paralysis (HP:0007024): Bilateral impairment of the function of the cranial nerves 9-12, which control musculature involved in eating, swallowing, and speech. Pseudobulbar paralysis is characterized clinically by dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with bifacial paralysis, and may be accompanied by Pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms such as enforced crying and laughing. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Abnormal periventricular white matter morphology (HP:0002518): A structural abnormality of the myelinated axons (white matter) located near the cerebral ventricles. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Late young adult onset (HP:0025710): Onset of disease at an age of greater than or equal to 25 to under 40 years. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Abnormal circulating cholesterol concentration (HP:0003107): Any deviation from the normal concentration of cholesterol in the blood circulation. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Diarrhea (HP:0002014): Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Cerebral atrophy (HP:0002059): Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Babinski sign (HP:0003487): Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Gait disturbance (HP:0001288): The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Xanthomatosis (HP:0000991): The presence of multiple xanthomas (xanthomata) in the skin. Xanthomas are yellowish, firm, lipid-laden nodules in the skin. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Angina pectoris (HP:0001681): Paroxysmal chest pain that occurs with exertion or stress and is related to myocardial ischemia. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)
- EMG: axonal abnormality (HP:0003482): Electromyographic (EMG) findings characteristic of axonal neuropathy, with normal or slightly decreased nerve conduction velocities, normal or slightly prolonged distal latencies, but significantly reduced motor potentials and sensory amplitudes. There may be spontaneous activity upon needle EMG studies, such as increased insertional activity, positive sharp waves, and fibrillation potentials. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Cholelithiasis (HP:0001081): Hard, pebble-like deposits that form within the gallbladder. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:20301583)
- Tendon xanthomatosis (HP:0010874): The presence of xanthomas (intra-and extra-cellular accumulations of cholesterol) extensor tendons (typically over knuckles, Achilles tendon, knee, and elbows). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Elevated circulating bile alcohol concentration (HP:6000821): The concentration of bile alcohols in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:20301583)
- Elevated CSF cholestanol concentration (HP:6000203): The concentration of cholestanol in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is above the upper limit of normal. Cholestanol is the 5-alpha-dihydro derivative of cholesterol. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:33509302)
- Respiratory insufficiency (HP:0002093). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Abnormal dentate nucleus morphology (HP:0100321): An abnormality of the dentate nucleus. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Ankle clonus (HP:0011448): Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:33655933)
- Dementia (HP:0000726): A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Myocardial infarction (HP:0001658): Necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart and often associated with chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and anxiety as well as characteristic EKG findings and elevation of serum markers including creatine kinase-MB fraction and troponin. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Peripheral neuropathy (HP:0009830): Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Abnormal pyramidal sign (HP:0007256): Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:10775536)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)
- Delusion (HP:0000746): A delusion is a fixed false belief held despite evidence to the contrary. The term delusion broadly encompasses all false judgments that possess the following external characteristics to a significant, albeit unspecified, extent: (1) they are held with an exceptional level of conviction, accompanied by an unparalleled subjective certainty; (2) there is an inability to consider alternative experiences or compelling counter-arguments; (3) the content of the belief is impossible. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)
- Optic disc pallor (HP:0000543): A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:11804206)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:213700)
- Xanthelasma (HP:0001114): The presence of xanthomata in the skin of the eyelid. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:213700)