Phenotypes associated with the disease Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome 1 (OMIM:220210, an entry in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man):
- Aortic valve stenosis (HP:0001650, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Anal atresia (HP:0002023, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Single umbilical artery (HP:0001195, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Low posterior hairline (HP:0002162, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hair on the neck extends more inferiorly than usual. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:220210)
- Hypoplastic left ventricle (HP:0004383, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A severe congenital heart defect characterized by underdevelopment of the left ventricle. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Generalized hypotonia (HP:0001290, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:220210)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Hemivertebrae (HP:0002937, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Absence of one half of the vertebral body. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Hydrocephalus (HP:0000238, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Broad forehead (HP:0000337, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: 20/20. (OMIM:220210)
- Dandy-Walker malformation (HP:0001305, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Adrenal hypoplasia (HP:0000835, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Developmental hypoplasia of the adrenal glands. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Pulmonic stenosis (HP:0001642, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Cleft palate (HP:0000175, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Downslanted palpebral fissures (HP:0000494, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Depressed nasal bridge (HP:0005280, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Posterior fossa cyst (HP:0007291, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A discrete posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection that does not communicate directly with the fourth ventricle. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Double outlet right ventricle (HP:0001719, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a type of ventriculoarterial connection in which both great vessels arise entirely or predominantly from the right ventricle. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Missing ribs (HP:0000921, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A developmental anomaly with absence of one or more ribs. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Tetralogy of Fallot (HP:0001636, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- High forehead (HP:0000348, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormally increased height of the forehead. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:220210)
- Decreased response to growth hormone stimulation test (HP:0000824, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Insufficient responses to growth hormone (GH) provocation tests. GH deficiency is defined as a serum peak GH concentration less than 10 ng/mL on provocation with a combination of at least two separate stimulation tests. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Syndactyly (HP:0001159, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the fingers or toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "symphalangism". Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Intrauterine growth retardation (HP:0001511, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Hypospadias (HP:0000047, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Atrial septal defect (HP:0001631, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Coloboma (HP:0000589, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A developmental defect characterized by a cleft of some portion of the eye or ocular adnexa. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Brachycephaly (HP:0000248, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:220210)
- Hydronephrosis (HP:0000126, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)
- Prominent occiput (HP:0000269, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Increased convexity of the occiput (posterior part of the skull). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:220210)