- Corneal opacity (HP:0007957): A reduction of corneal clarity. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Elevated circulating creatine kinase activity (HP:0003236): The activity of creatine kinase in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15037715;PMID:15637732)
- Anal atresia (HP:0002023): Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Megalocornea (HP:0000485): An enlargement of the cornea with normal clarity and function. Megalocornea is diagnosed with a horizontal corneal diameter of 12 mm or more at birth or 13 mm or more after two years of age. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Profound intellectual disability (HP:0002187): Profound intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by profoundly sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Severe muscular hypotonia (HP:0006829): A severe degree of muscular hypotonia characterized by markedly reduced muscle tone. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Kinked brainstem (HP:0012793): A kinked appearance of the brainstem, i.e., an exaggerated flexure. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Cataract (HP:0000518): A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Buphthalmos (HP:0000557): Diffusely large eye (with megalocornea) associated with glaucoma. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Hydrocephalus (HP:0000238): Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Cleft palate (HP:0000175): Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Absent speech (HP:0001344): Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (HP:0002079): Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Mask-like facies (HP:0000298): A lack of facial expression often with staring eyes and a slightly open mouth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Hypoplastic male external genitalia (HP:0000050): Underdevelopment of part or all of the male external reproductive organs (which include the penis, the scrotum and the urethra). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Excessive daytime somnolence (HP:0001262): A state of abnormally strong desire for sleep during the daytime. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Muscular dystrophy (HP:0003560): The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, defects in muscle proteins, and histological features of muscle fiber degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration. If possible, it is preferred to use other HPO terms to describe the precise phenotypic abnormalities. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Optic nerve hypoplasia (HP:0000609): Underdevelopment of the optic nerve. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Cerebellar dysplasia (HP:0007033): Cerebellar dysplasia (abnormal growth or development) is defined by abnormal cerebellar foliation, white matter arborization, and gray-white matter junction. Cerebellar dysplasia is a neuroimaging finding that describes abnormalities of both the cerebellar cortex and white matter and is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcome. Dysplasia may globally involve the cerebellum or affect only one cerebellar hemisphere. In addition, cerebellar dysplasia may be associated with cortical/subcortical cysts. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Microphthalmia (HP:0000568): A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Optic atrophy (HP:0000648): Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Cleft upper lip (HP:0000204): A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Sloping forehead (HP:0000340): Inclination of the anterior surface of the forehead from the vertical more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently excessive posterior sloping of the forehead in a lateral view. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Retinal detachment (HP:0000541): Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Hypoplasia of the brainstem (HP:0002365): Underdevelopment of the brainstem. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Agenesis of corpus callosum (HP:0001274): Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Occipital encephalocele (HP:0002085): A type of encephalocele (that is, a a protrusion of part of the cranial contents including brain tissue through a congenital opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane) in the occipital region of the skull. Occipital encephalocele presents as a midline swelling over the occipital bone. It is usually covered with normal full-thickness scalp. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Agyria (HP:0031882): A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by lack of gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex. Agyria is defined as cortical regions lacking gyration with sulci great than 3 cm apart and cerebral cortex thicker than 5 mm. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Severe intellectual disability (HP:0010864): Severe intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by severely sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 20-34. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Type II lissencephaly (HP:0007260): A form of lissencephaly characterized by an uneven cortical surface with a so called 'cobblestone' appearace. There are no distinguishable cortical layers. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 31/31. (PMID:12369018;PMID:15037715)
- Blindness (HP:0000618): Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Microtia (HP:0008551): Underdevelopment of the external ear. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Dandy-Walker malformation (HP:0001305): A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Feeding difficulties in infancy (HP:0008872): Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Peters anomaly (HP:0000659): A form of anterior segment dysgenesis in which abnormal cleavage of the anterior chamber occurs. Peters anomaly is characterized by central, paracentral, or complete corneal opacity. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Ventriculomegaly (HP:0002119): An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Pachygyria (HP:0001302): Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Atresia of the external auditory canal (HP:0000413): Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Retinal atrophy (HP:0001105): A nonspecific term denoting wasting, especially as a result of degeneration, of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retinal cells. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Renal dysplasia (HP:0000110): The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Cerebellar hypoplasia (HP:0001321): Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Posterior fossa cyst (HP:0007291): A discrete posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection that does not communicate directly with the fourth ventricle. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Congenital contracture (HP:0002803): One or more flexion contractures (a bent joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively) that are present at birth. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Neonatal hypotonia (HP:0001319): Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
- Retinal dysplasia (HP:0007973): Abnormal growth and differentiation, structure and appearance of the retina present from birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Coloboma (HP:0000589): A developmental defect characterized by a cleft of some portion of the eye or ocular adnexa. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15637732)
- Glaucoma (HP:0000501): Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:236670)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:15637732)
- Myopia (HP:0000545): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects nearby clearly, while objects in the distance appear blurry. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Polymicrogyria (HP:0002126): Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:236670)
- Meningoencephalocele (HP:0006888). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:15037715)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type A1 (OMIM:236670).