Phenotypes associated with the disease pyruvate carboxylase deficiency disease (OMIM:266150):
- Clonus (HP:0002169): A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 7/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Increased circulating pyruvate concentration (HP:0003542): The concentration of pyruvate in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 8/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 17/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 17/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Increased circulating lactate concentration (HP:0002151): Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Hepatomegaly (HP:0002240): Abnormally increased size of the liver. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Infantile onset (HP:0003593): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease between 28 days to one year of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 10/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex (HP:0007190). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:266150)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:9585612)
- Hypoglycemia (HP:0001943): A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Periventricular leukomalacia (HP:0006970): Periventricular leukomalacia is characterized by diffuse injury of deep cerebral white matter, accompanied in its most severe form by focal necrosis. The neuropathologic hallmarks of PVL are microglial activation and focal and diffuse periventricular depletion of premyelinating oligodendroglia. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Leukodystrophy (HP:0002415): Leukodystrophy refers to deterioration of white matter of the brain resulting from degeneration of myelin sheaths in the CNS. Their basic defect is directly related to the synthesis and maintenance of myelin membranes. Symmetric white matter involvement at MRI is a typical finding in patients with leukodystrophies. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Athetosis (HP:0002305): A slow, continuous, involuntary writhing movement that prevents maintenance of a stable posture. Athetosis involves continuous smooth movements that appear random and are not composed of recognizable sub-movements or movement fragments. In contrast to chorea, in athetosis, the same regions of the body are repeatedly involved. Athetosis may worsen with attempts at movement of posture, but athetosis can also occur at rest. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/17. (PMID:9585612)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Proximal renal tubular acidosis (HP:0002049): A type of renal tubular acidosis characterized by a failure of the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb bicarbonate, leading to urinary bicarbonate wasting and subsequent acidemia. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:266150)
- Hyperalaninemia (HP:0003348): An increased concentration of alanine in the blood. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:266150)
- Lactic acidosis (HP:0003128): An abnormal buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to acidification of the blood and other bodily fluids. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 17/17. (PMID:9585612)