Phenotypes associated with the disease alpha thalassemia-X-linked intellectual disability syndrome (OMIM:301040):
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (HP:0002069): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Hypochromic microcytic anemia (HP:0004840): A type of anemia characterized by an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes and lower than normal size of the erythrocytes. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Protruding tongue (HP:0010808): Tongue extending beyond the alveolar ridges or teeth at rest. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- Short nose (HP:0003196): Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- U-Shaped upper lip vermilion (HP:0010806): Gentle upward curve of the upper lip vermilion such that the center is placed well superior to the commissures. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (HP:0002020): A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Childhood onset (HP:0011463): Onset of disease at the age of between 1 and 5 years. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Thick vermilion border (HP:0012471): Increased width of the skin of vermilion border region of upper lip. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Hemivertebrae (HP:0002937): Absence of one half of the vertebral body. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Radial deviation of finger (HP:0009466): Bending or curvature of a finger toward the radial side (i.e., towards the thumb). The deviation is at the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and this finding is distinct from clinodactyly. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Postnatal growth retardation (HP:0008897): Slow or limited growth after birth. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- Widely-spaced maxillary central incisors (HP:0001566): Increased distance between the maxillary central permanent incisor tooth. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Macroglossia (HP:0000158): Increased length and width of the tongue. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Constipation (HP:0002019): Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Kyphoscoliosis (HP:0002751): An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Micropenis (HP:0000054): Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Coxa valga (HP:0002673): Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip in which the angle between the femoral shaft and the femoral neck is increased compared to age-adjusted values (about 150 degrees in newborns gradually reducing to 120-130 degrees in adults). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Poor suck (HP:0002033): An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Midface retrusion (HP:0011800): Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Tapered finger (HP:0001182): The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Sensorineural hearing impairment (HP:0000407): A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Umbilical hernia (HP:0001537): Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Spasticity (HP:0001257): A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Hypospadias (HP:0000047): Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Weak cry (HP:0001612). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Shawl scrotum (HP:0000049): Superior margin of the scrotum superior to the base of the penis. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Hydronephrosis (HP:0000126): Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Floppy infant (HP:0008947): Floppiness/hypotonia is defined as reduced resistance to passive movement of joints. Physical examination of floppy/hypotonic infants shows head lag, lack of shoulder and elbow muscle contraction on traction response, inability to tighten the shoulder girdle muscles (or slipping through) when held under the axillae, scarf sign (when the arm is pulled to the opposite side, the arm wraps around the neck with the elbow crossing midline), hyperdorsiflexion of the feet, easy apposition of the thumb against the forearm, feet touching the cheek with ease and without discomfort, frog leg position, and inverted U sign on ventral suspension (head, arms, and legs hanging down without elbow or knee flexion and the trunk rounded in a dome shape). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Anteverted nares (HP:0000463): Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Perimembranous ventricular septal defect (HP:0011682): A ventricular septal defect that is confluent with and involves the membranous septum and is bordered by an atrioventricular valve, not including the type 3 VSDs. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- Microtia (HP:0008551): Underdevelopment of the external ear. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Motor stereotypy (HP:0000733): Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Clinodactyly (HP:0030084): An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- X-linked dominant inheritance (HP:0001423): A mode of inheritance that is observed for dominant traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked dominant disorders tend to manifest very severely in affected males. The severity of manifestation in females may depend on the degree of skewed X inactivation. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Thick lower lip vermilion (HP:0000179): Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Diastema (HP:0000699): Increased space between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Reduced alpha/beta synthesis ratio (HP:0011907): A reduction in the ratio of production of alpha globin to that of beta globin. This is the major abnormality in the various forms of alpha thalassemia. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301040)
- Cerebral atrophy (HP:0002059): Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Talipes equinovarus (HP:0001762): Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- HbH hemoglobin (HP:0011903): Hemoglobin H (HbH) contains four beta-globin chains. It is normally not present at all in blood, but may make up about 1-40 percent of all hemoglobin in HbH disease, a subform of alpha thalassemia. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Malar flattening (HP:0000272): Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Depressed nasal bridge (HP:0005280): Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Growth delay (HP:0001510): A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Mandibular prognathia (HP:0000303): Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:21218045)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Renal agenesis (HP:0000104): Agenesis, that is, failure of the kidney to develop during embryogenesis and development. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)
- Absent frontal sinuses (HP:0002688): Aplasia of frontal sinus. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301040)