Phenotypes associated with the disease Arts syndrome (OMIM:301835):
- Visual loss (HP:0000572): Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Progressive muscle weakness (HP:0003323). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Dysphagia (HP:0002015): Difficulty in swallowing. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Hearing impairment (HP:0000365): A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Absent speech (HP:0001344): Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Areflexia (HP:0001284): Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Recurrent infections (HP:0002719): Increased susceptibility to infections as manifested by repeated bouts of infection. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:8498830)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- X-linked recessive inheritance (HP:0001419): A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Peripheral neuropathy (HP:0009830): Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Spinal cord dorsal column hypomyelination (HP:0008311): Lower than normal amount of myelin in the dorsal (posterior) tract of the spinal cord white matter. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Optic atrophy (HP:0000648): Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Neonatal hypotonia (HP:0001319): Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Drooling (HP:0002307): Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Death in infancy (HP:0001522): Death within the first 24 months of life. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (HP:0002788): An increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (running ears - otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Growth delay (HP:0001510): A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Tetraplegia (HP:0002445): Paralysis of all four limbs, and trunk of the body below the level of an associated injury to the spinal cord. The etiology of quadriplegia is similar to that of paraplegia except that the lesion is in the cervical spinal cord rather than in the thoracic or lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:301835)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Immunodeficiency (HP:0002721): Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:301835)
- Hyperreflexia (HP:0001347): Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (OMIM:301835)