HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: DYRK3
Cytogenetic location: 1q32.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 1:206,635,536-206,655,158 (from NCBI)
DYRK1 (600855) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues and is presumably involved in brain development. By PCR using sequences conserved between DYRK1 and the related proteins MNB of Drosophila and Yak1 of S. cerevisiae, Becker et al. (1998) identified DYRK2 (603496) and DYRK3, kinases related to DYRK1. Human fetal brain DYRK3 (GenBank Y12735) cDNAs encode a deduced 553-amino acid protein containing a canonical kinase domain located between a large N-terminal region and a short C-terminal extension, and features specific to DYRK-related kinases. DYRK3 shares 43% identity with DYRK1 in the catalytic domain, but lacks the striking sequence motifs identified in DYRK1. The DYRK2 and DYRK3 proteins are related over their entire sequences except for the N-terminal region. Northern blot analysis of rat tissues detected strong Dyrk3 expression in testis, only after the onset of spermatogenesis, and very weak expression in spleen and adrenal gland.
Becker et al. (1998) found that DYRK3 expressed in E. coli demonstrated tyrosine autophosphorylation and catalyzed phosphorylation of histones H3 and H2B in vitro.
Pelkmans and Zerial (2005) used RNAi to explore the role of kinases in caveolae dynamics and identified the ser/thr MAPK-related kinase DYRK3 as 1 of 6 kinases that regulate different steps of the caveolar cycle. Knockdown of DYRK3 strongly increased the dynamics of caveolar vesicles and had a minor destabilizing effect on the caveolar coat. Their observations revealed new principles in caveolae trafficking and suggested that the dynamic properties of caveolae and their transport competence are regulated by different kinases operating at several levels.
Zhang et al. (2005) determined that the DYRK3 gene spans more than 13 kb and contains 5 alternatively spliced exons. The promoter region contains a conserved GATA1 (305371)-binding site. The mouse Dyrk3 gene contains only 3 exons; it lacks the 2 small upstream exons found in human DYRK3.
Becker et al. (1998) tentatively mapped the DYRK3 gene to 1q32 based on sequence similarity to EST R38268, which was mapped by Banfi et al. (1996) using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
By genomic sequence analysis, Zhang et al. (2005) mapped the DYRK3 gene to chromosome 1q32.2 They mapped the mouse Dyrk3 gene to a region of chromosome 1E4 that shows homology of synteny to human chromosome 1q32.2.
Banfi, S., Borsani, G., Rossi, E., Bernard, L., Guffanti, A., Rubboli, F., Marchitiello, A., Giglio, S., Coluccia, E., Zollo, M., Zuffardi, O., Ballabio, A. Identification and mapping of human cDNAs homologous to Drosophila mutant genes through EST database searching. Nature Genet. 13: 167-174, 1996. [PubMed: 8640222] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0696-167]
Becker, W., Weber, Y., Wetzel, K., Eirmbter, K., Tejedor, F. J., Joost, H.-G. Sequence characteristics, subcellular localization, and substrate specificity of DYRK-related kinases, a novel family of dual specificity protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 25893-25902, 1998. [PubMed: 9748265] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.40.25893]
Pelkmans, L., Zerial, M. Kinase-regulated quantal assemblies and kiss-and-run recycling of caveolae. Nature 436: 128-133, 2005. [PubMed: 16001074] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03866]
Zhang, D., Li, K., Erickson-Miller, C. L., Weiss, M., Wojchowski, D. M. DYRK gene structure and erythroid-restricted features of DYRK3 gene expression. Genomics 85: 117-130, 2005. [PubMed: 15607427] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.08.021]