Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: PYY2
Cytogenetic location: 17q11.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 17:28,226,563-28,228,060 (from NCBI)
NPY (162640) is an abundant neuropeptide regulating a wide range of physiologic activities. Another member of the NPY family, PYY (600781), is an inhibitory hormone secreted by digestive tract endocrine cells. PPY (167780) is a pancreatic hormone inhibiting secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate from the exocrine pancreas. The genes encoding PYY and PPY are thought to have arisen by gene duplication and are localized on chromosome 17q21.1. All 3 genes contain 4 exons with little or no intronic homology. FISH and Southern blot analysis suggested the existence of PYY/PPY-related sequences on chromosome 17q11 (Hort et al., 1995). By screening a genomic library with PYY as probe, Couzens et al. (2000) identified genes encoding PYY2 and PPY2 (606638). RT-PCR analysis detected expression in testis cDNA libraries, as well as in prostate cancer and melanoma cell lines, but not in other tissues. Despite 92% identity between the PYY and PYY2 nucleotide sequences, PYY encodes a 98-amino acid protein and PYY2 encodes a 33-residue protein due to an alternative start site, as seen in bovine Pyy2 (seminalplasmin), and an early stop codon.
Kim et al. (2005) found that PYY and GLP1 (138030) colocalized in the same human duodenal L cells and had similar secretory patterns after oral glucose loading. Total secretion of PYY was higher in females than in males, but fasting PYY levels and PYY secretion were not in any way correlated with bone mineral density (BMI).
By genomic sequence analysis, Couzens et al. (2000) determined that PYY2, like PYY1, has 4 exons and conserved 5-prime and 3-prime flanking sequences as well as conserved introns 2 and 3.
By long-range PCR and Southern blot analysis, Couzens et al. (2000) established that PYY2 and PPY2 are localized in the same orientation as PYY and PPY with a gap of 20 kb rather than 10 kb on chromosome 17q11. They concluded that PYY2 and PPY2 are a result of a recent gene duplication.
Couzens, M., Liu, M., Tuchler, C., Kofler, B., Nessler-Menardi, C., Parker, R. M. C., Klocker, H., Herzog, H. Peptide YY-2 (PYY2) and pancreatic polypeptide-2 (PPY2): species-specific evolution of novel members of the neuropeptide Y gene family. Genomics 64: 318-323, 2000. [PubMed: 10756099] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2000.6132]
Hort, Y., Baker, E., Sutherland, G. R., Shine, J., Herzog, H. Gene duplication of the human peptide YY gene (PYY) generated the pancreatic polypeptide gene (PPY) on chromosome 17q21.1. Genomics 26: 77-83, 1995. [PubMed: 7782089] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(95)80085-z]
Kim, B.-J., Carlson, O. D., Jang, H.-J., Elahi, D., Berry, C., Egan, J. M. Peptide YY is secreted after oral glucose administration in a gender-specific manner. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 90: 6665-6671, 2005. [PubMed: 16174724] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0409]