Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: STK38
Cytogenetic location: 6p21.31 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 6:36,493,892-36,547,479 (from NCBI)
Using degenerate PCR primers corresponding to sequences of fly and worm serine/threonine kinases to amplify human cDNAs, followed by screening several cDNA libraries, Millward et al. (1995) isolated a cDNA encoding STK38, which they called nuclear Dbf2 (yeast)-related protein, or NDR. The deduced 465-amino acid protein, which is 68% identical to the fly protein, contains 12 protein kinase catalytic subdomains and a potential bipartite nuclear localization signal. Northern blot analysis revealed expression of a 3.9-kb transcript in all tissues tested, with the possible exception of adult brain. Highest expression was in peripheral blood leukocytes. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated predominantly nuclear expression of a 55-kD protein.
By RT-PCR of total HeLa cell RNA, Devroe et al. (2004) cloned STK38, which they called NDR1. The deduced 462-amino acid protein shares approximately 87% identity with NDR2 (STK38L; 615836). Both proteins have an N-terminal S100B (176990)-binding domain and 3 putative regulatory phosphorylation sites. NDR1 also has a central nuclear localization signal. Northern blot analysis detected NDR1 in all 10 human tissues examined, with highest expression in thymus. Epitope- and fluorescence-tagged NDR1 was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Stegert et al. (2004) cloned mouse Ndr1. Real-time PCR of 10 mouse tissues detected high Ndr1 expression in spleen, lower expression in lung, fat, thymus, testis, and brain, and weak expression in heart, liver, pancreas, and muscle.
Millward et al. (1995) found that the kinase activity of STK38 appeared to be restricted to itself.
By coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis, Devroe et al. (2004) found that both epitope-tagged NDR1 and NDR2 interacted with MOB2 (HCCA2; 611969) in Jurkat human T-cell lysates. MOB2 stimulated autophosphorylation of NDR2 and, to a lesser extent, NDR1 in in vitro kinase reactions.
By genomic sequence analysis, Stegert et al. (2004) mapped the STK38 gene to chromosome 6p21. They mapped the mouse Stk38 gene to a region of chromosome 17B1 that shares homology of synteny with human chromosome 6p21.
Devroe, E., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P., Silver, P. A. Human Mob proteins regulate the NDR1 and NDR2 serine-threonine kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 24444-24451, 2004. [PubMed: 15067004] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M401999200]
Millward, T., Cron, P., Hemmings, B. A. Molecular cloning and characterization of a conserved nuclear serine(threonine) protein kinase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 92: 5022-5026, 1995. [PubMed: 7761441] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.11.5022]
Stegert, M. R., Tamaskovic, R., Bichsel, S. J., Hergovich, A., Hemmings, B. A. Regulation of NDR2 protein kinase by multi-site phosphorylation and the S100B calcium-binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 23806-23812, 2004. [PubMed: 15037617] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402472200]