HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: YPEL3
Cytogenetic location: 16p11.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 16:30,092,314-30,096,213 (from NCBI)
By searching for sequences similar to YPEL1 (608082), followed by screening a testis cDNA library, Hosono et al. (2004) cloned YPEL3. The deduced 119-amino acid protein shares 100% amino acid identity with mouse and monkey Ypel3 and 45.5% identity with Drosophila Yippee. YPEL3 shares 83.9 to 89.1% amino acid identity with YPEL1, YPEL2 (609723), and YPEL4 (609725). All YPEL proteins contain an 86-amino acid YPEL consensus sequence. PCR analysis detected YPEL3 expression in all adult and fetal tissues examined. A second YPEL3 transcript was detected in pancreas, placenta, and testis. Immunofluorescent staining of COS-7 green monkey kidney cells localized Ypel3 to the centrosome and nucleolus during interphase and at several punctate structures around the mitotic apparatus during the mitotic phase.
By Western blot analysis of human mammary epithelial and colon carcinoma cell lines, Kelley et al. (2010) found that YPEL3 had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 15 kD.
Kelley et al. (2010) found that YPEL3 expression was upregulated by p53 (TP53; 191170) activation following p53-inducing DNA damage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays revealed that p53 directly bound and activated the YPEL3 promoter. Overexpression of YPEL3 reduced growth in human cell lines and fibroblasts and triggered cellular senescence. By screening 8 different human tumor types, Kelley et al. (2010) found that YPEL3 expression was downregulated in lung, colon, and ovarian tumor samples relative to controls. In ovarian tumors, downregulation appear to occur via hypermethylation in a CpG island within the YPEL3 promoter.
Hosono et al. (2004) determined that the YPEL3 gene contains 5 exons and spans about 4 kb. Exon 1 is untranslated. The mouse Ypel3 gene has the same structure.
Kelley et al. (2010) found that the YPEL3 promoter region has a CpG island of approximately 950 bp.
By genomic sequence analysis, Hosono et al. (2004) mapped the human YPEL3 gene to chromosome 16p11.2 and the mouse Ypel3 gene to chromosome 7F4.
Hosono, K., Sasaki, T., Minoshima, S., Shimizu, N. Identification and characterization of a novel gene family YPEL in a wide spectrum of eukaryotic species. Gene 340: 31-43, 2004. [PubMed: 15556292] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.014]
Kelley, K. D., Miller, K. R., Todd, A., Kelley, A. R., Tuttle, R., Berberich, S. J. YPEL3, a p53-regulated gene that induces cellular senescence. Cancer Res. 70: 3566-3575, 2010. [PubMed: 20388804] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3219]