Phenotypes associated with the disease cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysequilibrium syndrome 3 (OMIM:613227):
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:19461874)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19461874)
- Mild intellectual disability (HP:0001256): Mild intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by mildly sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 50-69. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:19461874)
- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19461874)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:19461874)
- Slurred speech (HP:0001350): Abnormal coordination of muscles involved in speech. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19461874)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19461874)
- Cerebellar ataxia associated with quadrupedal gait (HP:0009878): The presence of cerebellar signs and symptoms such as lack of balance associated with quadrupedal gait (locomotion on all four extremities with a 'bear-like' gait with the legs held straight). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:19461874)
- Tremor (HP:0001337): An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19461874)