Phenotypes associated with the disease arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2 (OMIM:613404):
- Nephrocalcinosis (HP:0000121): Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium salts in renal parenchyma. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Sloping forehead (HP:0000340): Inclination of the anterior surface of the forehead from the vertical more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently excessive posterior sloping of the forehead in a lateral view. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Aminoaciduria (HP:0003355): An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Hepatomegaly (HP:0002240): Abnormally increased size of the liver. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Glycosuria (HP:0003076): An increased concentration of glucose in the urine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Generalized hypotonia (HP:0001290): Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Giant cell hepatitis (HP:0200084): Chronic hepatitis characterized by parenchymal inflammation with formation of large multinucleated hepatocytes in response to a variety of insults to the liver. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Renal tubular acidosis (HP:0001947): Acidosis owing to malfunction of the kidney tubules with accumulation of metabolic acids and hyperchloremia, potentially leading to complications including hypokalemia, hypercalcinuria, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Death in infancy (HP:0001522): Death within the first 24 months of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration (HP:0002910): Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Talipes calcaneovalgus (HP:0001884): Talipes calcaneovalgus is a flexible foot deformity (as opposed to a rigid congenital vertical talus foot deformity) that can either present as a positional or structural foot deformity depending on severity and/or causality. The axis of calcaneovalgus deformity is in the tibiotalar joint, where the foot is positioned in extreme hyperextension. On inspection, the foot has an "up and out" appearance, with the dorsal forefoot practically touching the anterior aspect of the ankle and lower leg. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Jaundice (HP:0000952): Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Metabolic acidosis (HP:0001942): Metabolic acidosis (MA) is characterized by a fall in blood pH due to a reduction of serum bicarbonate concentration. This can occur as a result of either the accumulation of acids (high anion gap MA) or the loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract or the kidney (hyperchloremic MA). By definition, MA is not due to a respirary cause. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Right ventricular hypertrophy (HP:0001667): In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Cholestatic liver disease (HP:0002611). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Neonatal onset (HP:0003623): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease within the first 28 days of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Hip dysplasia (HP:0001385): The presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Nephropathy (HP:0000112): A nonspecific term referring to disease or damage of the kidneys. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (HP:0009806): A form of diabetes insipidus caused by failure of the kidneys to respond to vasopressin (AVP). Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (OMIM:613404)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Proteinuria (HP:0000093): Increased levels of protein in the urine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (HP:0002908). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Ichthyosis (HP:0008064): An abnormality of the skin characterized the presence of excessive amounts of dry surface scales on the skin resulting from an abnormality of keratinization. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)
- Lissencephaly (HP:0001339): A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly. Evidence: TAS. Frequency: Occasional (HP:0040283). (OMIM:613404)
- Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (HP:0002804): Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:20190753)
- Pruritus (HP:0000989): Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased disposition to experience pruritus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31479177)
- Low-set ears (HP:0000369): Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:613404)