Phenotypes associated with the disease muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy (congenital with brain and eye anomalies), type a, 10 (OMIM:615041):
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 9/9. (PMID:23217329)
- Type II lissencephaly (HP:0007260): A form of lissencephaly characterized by an uneven cortical surface with a so called 'cobblestone' appearace. There are no distinguishable cortical layers. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 9/9. (PMID:23217329)
- Gonadal dysgenesis (HP:0000133): Gonadal dysgenesis is the name given to any of a multitude of conditions that can cause impaired development of the gonads, i.e., the testes or ovaries, or to the related phenotypic features. The term is to be avoided if possible for new annotations, and more specific terms should be chosen. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/8. (PMID:23217329)
- Cerebellar dysplasia (HP:0007033): Cerebellar dysplasia (abnormal growth or development) is defined by abnormal cerebellar foliation, white matter arborization, and gray-white matter junction. Cerebellar dysplasia is a neuroimaging finding that describes abnormalities of both the cerebellar cortex and white matter and is associated with variable neurodevelopmental outcome. Dysplasia may globally involve the cerebellum or affect only one cerebellar hemisphere. In addition, cerebellar dysplasia may be associated with cortical/subcortical cysts. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 9/9. (PMID:23217329)
- Neural tube defect (HP:0045005): A neural tube defect arises when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. The cranial region (anencephaly) or the low spine (open spina bifida; myelomeningocele) are most commonly affected although, in the severe NTD craniorachischisis, almost the entire neural tube remains open, from midbrain to low spine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/8. (PMID:23217329)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:23217329)
- Retinal dysplasia (HP:0007973): Abnormal growth and differentiation, structure and appearance of the retina present from birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 6/6. (PMID:23217329)