Phenotypes associated with the disease van Maldergem syndrome 2 (OMIM:615546):
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Tented upper lip vermilion (HP:0010804): Triangular appearance of the oral aperture with the apex in the midpoint of the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion forming the base. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Hearing impairment (HP:0000365): A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:24056717)
- Renal hypoplasia (HP:0000089): Hypoplasia of the kidney. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 6/6. (PMID:24056717;PMID:22469822)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:22469822)
- Short palpebral fissure (HP:0012745): Distance between the medial and lateral canthi is more than 2 SD below the mean for age (objective); or, apparently reduced length of the palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Prominent forehead (HP:0011220): Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Tracheomalacia (HP:0002779). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Micropenis (HP:0000054): Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (HP:0002079): Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Subcortical band heterotopia (HP:0032409): A form of subcortical heterotopia with mislocalized gray matter within the white matter.It is defined as longitudinal bands of gray matter located deep to the cerebral cortex and separated from it by a thin layer of normal appearing white matter. It is part of the lissencephaly spectrum. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:615546)
- Feeding difficulties (HP:0011968): Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Full cheeks (HP:0000293): Increased prominence or roundness of soft tissues between zygomata and mandible. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Joint hypermobility (HP:0001382): The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Cutaneous finger syndactyly (HP:0010554): A soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between two fingers that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints, or a soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between two fingers that lies significantly distal to the flexion crease that overlies the metacarpophalangeal joint of the adjacent fingers. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Midface retrusion (HP:0011800): Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- High anterior hairline (HP:0009890): Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between the hairline and the glabella. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Sensorineural hearing impairment (HP:0000407): A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Short 4th metacarpal (HP:0010044): Short fourth metacarpal bone. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Hypoplasia of the maxilla (HP:0000327): Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:24056717)
- Dental malocclusion (HP:0000689): Dental malocclusion refers to an abnormality of the occlusion, or alignment, of the teeth and the way the upper and lower teeth fit together, resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Conductive hearing impairment (HP:0000405): An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Bifid scrotum (HP:0000048): Midline indentation or cleft of the scrotum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Hypospadias (HP:0000047): Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Sacral dimple (HP:0000960): A cutaneous indentation resulting from tethering of the skin to underlying structures (bone) of the intergluteal cleft. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Stenosis of the external auditory canal (HP:0000402): An abnormal narrowing of the external auditory canal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Short fourth metatarsal (HP:0004689): Short fourth metatarsal bone. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Narrow forehead (HP:0000341): Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Inguinal hernia (HP:0000023): Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Single umbilical artery (HP:0001195): Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Wide anterior fontanel (HP:0000260): Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Blepharophimosis (HP:0000581): A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Cutaneous syndactyly of toes (HP:0010621): A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between adjacent foot digits that involves at least half of the proximodistal length of one of the two involved digits; or, a soft tissue continuity in the A/P axis between two digits of the foot that does not meet the prior objective criteria. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Gray matter heterotopia (HP:0002282): Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:615546)
- Irregular dentition (HP:0040079). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Osteopenia (HP:0000938): Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Ulnar deviation of the hand (HP:0009487): Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Microtia (HP:0008551): Underdevelopment of the external ear. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Hip subluxation (HP:0030043): A partial dislocation of the hip joint, whereby the head of the femur is partially displaced from the socket. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Clinodactyly (HP:0030084): An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Downturned corners of mouth (HP:0002714): A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- High palate (HP:0000218): Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Hypoplastic nipples (HP:0002557): Underdevelopment of the nipple. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Narrow chest (HP:0000774): Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Short clavicles (HP:0000894): Reduced length of the clavicles. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Atresia of the external auditory canal (HP:0000413): Absence or failure to form of the external auditory canal. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Anteriorly placed anus (HP:0001545): Anterior malposition of the anus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Skeletal dysplasia (HP:0002652): A general term describing features characterized by abnormal development of bones and connective tissues. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Talipes equinovarus (HP:0001762): Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Wide nasal bridge (HP:0000431): Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Malar flattening (HP:0000272): Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Narrow palpebral fissure (HP:0045025): Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Periventricular nodular heterotopia (HP:0032388): Nodules of heterotopia along the ventricular walls. There can be a single nodule or a large number of nodules, they can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, they can be small or large, single or multiple. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/5. (PMID:24056717)
- Wide cranial sutures (HP:0010537): An abnormally increased width of the cranial sutures for age-related norms (generally resulting from delayed closure). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Depressed nasal bridge (HP:0005280): Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Ptosis (HP:0000508): The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective). Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Growth delay (HP:0001510): A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:22469822)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: TAS. (OMIM:615546)