- Delayed CNS myelination (HP:0002188): Delayed myelination in the central nervous system. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Seizure (HP:0001250): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Narrow mouth (HP:0000160): Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Short nose (HP:0003196): Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Infantile onset (HP:0003593): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease between 28 days to one year of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Infantile spasms (HP:0012469): Infantile spasms represent a subset of "epileptic spasms". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger (HP:0009540): Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 2nd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Hypertelorism (HP:0000316): Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Cortical dysplasia (HP:0002539): The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cerebral cortex. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Dental crowding (HP:0000678): Changes in alignment of teeth in the dental arch. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Round face (HP:0000311): The facial appearance is more circular than usual as viewed from the front. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Exodeviation (HP:0020049): A manifest or latent ocular deviation in which one or both eyes tends to deviate temporally. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:27694961)
- Neonatal onset (HP:0003623): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease within the first 28 days of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Cleft palate (HP:0000175): Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Absent speech (HP:0001344): Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:27694961)
- Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (HP:0002079): Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Feeding difficulties (HP:0011968): Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Deeply set eye (HP:0000490): An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 7/7. (PMID:27694961)
- 2-3 toe syndactyly (HP:0004691): Syndactyly with fusion of toes two and three. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Delayed gross motor development (HP:0002194): A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Choroid plexus cyst (HP:0002190): A cyst occurring within the choroid plexus within a cerebral ventricle. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- 1-4 toe syndactyly (HP:0010712): Syndactyly with fusion of toes one to four. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Knee flexion contracture (HP:0006380): A type of knee joint contracture in which the knee is in a fixed bent (flexed) configuration such that it cannot be straightened actively or passively. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Sensorineural hearing impairment (HP:0000407): A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Clinodactyly of the 5th finger (HP:0004209): Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Proptosis (HP:0000520): An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Pierre-Robin sequence (HP:0000201): Pierre Robin malformation is a sequence of developmental malformations characterized by micrognathia (mandibular hypoplasia), glossoptosis and cleft palate. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Autosomal dominant inheritance (HP:0000006): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:27694961)
- Elbow contracture (HP:0034391): A limitation in the passive range of motion of the elbow resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Hypsarrhythmia (HP:0002521): Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/7. (PMID:27694961)
- 4-5 finger cutaneous syndactyly (HP:0010705): A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the fourth (ring) to the fifth (little) finger that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Anteverted nares (HP:0000463): Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure (HP:0002121): A generalized non-motor (absence) seizure is a type of a type of dialeptic seizure that is of electrographically generalized onset. It is a generalized seizure characterized by an interruption of activities, a blank stare, and usually the person will be unresponsive when spoken to. Any ictal motor phenomena are minor in comparison to these non-motor features. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Gray matter heterotopia (HP:0002282): Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 7/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Ventricular septal defect (HP:0001629): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Cerebral visual impairment (HP:0100704): A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Axial hypotonia (HP:0008936): Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Talipes equinovarus (HP:0001762): Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Delayed speech and language development (HP:0000750): A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Long face (HP:0000276): Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Periventricular nodular heterotopia (HP:0032388): Nodules of heterotopia along the ventricular walls. There can be a single nodule or a large number of nodules, they can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, they can be small or large, single or multiple. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 7/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Persistent head lag (HP:0032988): The Premie-Neuro and the Dubowitz Neurological Examination score head lag in the same manner. Scoring for both is as follows: 0 = head drops and stays back, 1 = tries to lift head but drops it back, 2 = able to lift head slightly, 3 = lifts head in line with body, and 4 = head in front of body. This term applies if head lag persists beyond an expected age at a level of 0 or 1. Persistent head lag beyond age 4 mo has been linked to poor outcomes. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger (HP:0009471): Chronic loss of joint motion of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 3rd finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Microretrognathia (HP:0000308): A form of developmental hypoplasia of the mandible in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Optic disc pallor (HP:0000543): A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Dolichocephaly (HP:0000268): An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Polymicrogyria (HP:0002126): Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Myopia (HP:0000545): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects nearby clearly, while objects in the distance appear blurry. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Micrognathia (HP:0000347): Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Horizontal nystagmus (HP:0000666): Nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:27694961)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. (PMID:27694961)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease periventricular nodular heterotopia 7 (OMIM:617201).