Phenotypes associated with the disease arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 3, myogenic type (OMIM:618484):
- Progressive (HP:0003676): Applies to a disease manifestation that increases in scope or severity over the course of time, i.e., that worsens with age. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19542096)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Hypermetropia (HP:0000540): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Flexion contracture (HP:0001371): A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:618484)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Generalized hypotonia (HP:0001290): Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone). Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:618484)
- Gowers sign (HP:0003391): A phenomenon whereby patients are not able to stand up without the use of the hands owing to weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:618484)
- Flexion contracture of finger (HP:0012785): Chronic loss of joint motion in a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Weakness of facial musculature (HP:0030319): Reduced strength of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Increased endomysial connective tissue (HP:0100297): An increased volume of the endomysium, which is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber. Together, bundles of muscle fibers form a fasciculus, surrounded by another layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Abnormal circulating creatine kinase activity (HP:0040081): Any deviation from the normal activity of creatine kinase in the blood circulation. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 0/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Fetal onset (HP:0011461): Onset prior to birth but after 8 weeks of embryonic development (corresponding to a gestational age of 10 weeks). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)
- Proximal muscle weakness (HP:0003701): A lack of strength of the proximal muscles. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Hyporeflexia (HP:0001265): Reduction of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Kyphoscoliosis (HP:0002751): An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers (HP:0003687): An abnormality in which the nuclei of sarcomeres take on an abnormally central localization (or in which this feature is found in an increased proportion of muscle cells). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Talipes equinovarus (HP:0001762): Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Delayed ability to walk (HP:0031936): A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Areflexia (HP:0001284): Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Delayed gross motor development (HP:0002194): A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Adducted thumb (HP:0001181): In the resting position, the tip of the thumb is on, or near, the palm, close to the base of the fourth or fifth finger. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Restrictive ventilatory defect (HP:0002091): A functional defect characterized by reduced total lung capacity (TLC) not associated with abnormalities of expiratory airflow or airway resistance. Spirometrically, a restrictive defect is defined as FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) less than 80 per cent. Restrictive lung disease may be caused by alterations in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Kyphosis (HP:0002808): Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column. Evidence: IEA. (OMIM:618484)
- Small for gestational age (HP:0001518): Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)
- Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (HP:0002804): Multiple congenital contractures in different body areas. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:19542096)
- Decreased fetal movement (HP:0001558): An abnormal reduction in quantity or strength of fetal movements. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)
- Cryptorchidism (HP:0000028): Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:27782104)
- Bilateral talipes equinovarus (HP:0001776): Bilateral clubfoot deformity. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:19542096)
- Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter (HP:0003557): An abnormally high degree of muscle fiber size variation. This phenotypic feature can be observed upon muscle biopsy. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/3. (PMID:19542096;PMID:27782104)