Phenotypes associated with the disease periventricular nodular heterotopia 9 (OMIM:618918):
- Epicanthus (HP:0000286): A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Everted upper lip vermilion (HP:0010803): Inner aspect of the upper lip vermilion (normally apposing the teeth) visible in a frontal view, i.e., the presence of an everted upper lip. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Prominent fingertip pads (HP:0001212): A soft tissue prominence of the ventral aspects of the fingertips. The term "persistent fetal fingertip pads" is often used as a synonym, but should better not be used because it implies knowledge of history of the patient which often does not exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Dyscalculia (HP:0002442): A specific learning disability involving mathematics and arithmetic. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/15. (PMID:30150678)
- Dyslexia (HP:0010522): A learning disorder characterized primarily by difficulties in learning to read and spell. Dyslectic children also exhibit a tendency to read words from right to left and to confuse letters such as b and d whose orientation is important for their identification. Children with dyslexia appear to be impaired in phonemic skills (the ability to associate visual symbols with the sounds they represent). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 6/15. (PMID:30150678)
- Gray matter heterotopia (HP:0002282): Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Interictal epileptiform activity (HP:0011182): Epileptiform activity refers to distinctive EEG waves or complexes distinguished from background activity found in in a proportion of human subjects with epilepsy, but which can also be found in subjects without seizures. Interictal epileptiform activity refers to such activity that occurs in the absence of a clinical or subclinical seizure. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/5. (PMID:29738522)
- Mild global developmental delay (HP:0011342): A mild delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/10. (PMID:29738522)
- Microtia (HP:0008551): Underdevelopment of the external ear. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Single transverse palmar crease (HP:0000954): The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Clinodactyly (HP:0030084): An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/5. (PMID:29738522)
- High palate (HP:0000218): Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Gingival overgrowth (HP:0000212): Hyperplasia of the gingiva (that is, a thickening of the soft tissue overlying the alveolar ridge. The degree of thickening ranges from involvement of the interdental papillae alone to gingival overgrowth covering the entire tooth crown. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Posteriorly rotated ears (HP:0000358): A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Hirsutism (HP:0001007): Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 12/16. (PMID:31317654;PMID:30150678)
- Hypoplastic philtrum (HP:0005326): Underdevelopment of the philtrum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Microcephaly (HP:0000252): Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Broad-based gait (HP:0002136): An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Delayed speech and language development (HP:0000750): A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/6. (PMID:31317654;PMID:29738522)
- Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum (HP:0002079): Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/6. (PMID:31317654;PMID:29738522)
- Pes cavus (HP:0001761): An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/5. (PMID:29738522)
- Squared superior portion of helix (HP:0030026): Flattening instead of curving or rounded superior helix, allowing the superior helix to run more horizontally than usual. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Prominent metopic ridge (HP:0005487): Vertical bony ridge positioned in the midline of the forehead. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Global developmental delay (HP:0001263): A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Periventricular nodular heterotopia (HP:0032388): Nodules of heterotopia along the ventricular walls. There can be a single nodule or a large number of nodules, they can exist on either or both sides of the brain at any point along the higher ventricle margins, they can be small or large, single or multiple. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 13/20. (PMID:30150678;PMID:29738522)
- Tapered finger (HP:0001182): The gradual reduction in girth of the finger from proximal to distal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Autistic behavior (HP:0000729): Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/15. (PMID:30150678)
- Compulsive behaviors (HP:0000722): Behavior that consists of repetitive acts, characterized by the feeling that one "has to" perform them, while being aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/15. (PMID:30150678)
- Clinodactyly of the 5th finger (HP:0004209): Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Synophrys (HP:0000664): Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:31317654)
- Focal-onset seizure (HP:0007359): A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/5. Onset: Childhood onset (HP:0011463). (PMID:29738522)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 6/16. (PMID:31317654;PMID:30150678)
- Autosomal dominant inheritance (HP:0000006): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:29738522)
- Polymicrogyria (HP:0002126): Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/5. (PMID:29738522)