Phenotypes associated with the disease leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 22 (OMIM:619328):
- Axial hypotonia (HP:0008936): Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Borderline intellectual disability (HP:0006889): Borderline intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 70-85. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Astigmatism (HP:0000483): A type of refraction error associated with abnormal curvatures on the anterior and/or posterior surface of the cornea. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Inability to walk (HP:0002540): Incapability to ambulate. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Delayed speech and language development (HP:0000750): A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Strabismus (HP:0000486): A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Babinski sign (HP:0003487): Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Delayed ability to walk (HP:0031936): A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Hypermetropia (HP:0000540): An abnormality of refraction characterized by the ability to see objects in the distance clearly, while objects nearby appear blurry. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Lower limb hyperreflexia (HP:0002395): Increased intensity of the a reflex in the leg. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Flexion contracture (HP:0001371): A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Dysarthria (HP:0001260): Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Upper limb hypertonia (HP:0200049): Increased muscle tone observed in the arms of the affected person. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Short neck (HP:0000470): Diminished length of the neck. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Infantile onset (HP:0003593): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease between 28 days to one year of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Lower limb hypertonia (HP:0006895). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Delayed ability to sit (HP:0025336): A failure to achieve the ability to sit at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children sit with support at 6 months of age and sit steadily without support at 9 months of age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Drooling (HP:0002307): Habitual flow of saliva out of the mouth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- CNS hypomyelination (HP:0003429): Reduced amount of myelin in the central nervous system resulting from defective myelinogenesis. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Optic disc pallor (HP:0000543): A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. Onset: Childhood onset (HP:0011463). (PMID:33313762)
- Pes planus (HP:0001763): A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/3. (PMID:33313762)
- Autosomal dominant inheritance (HP:0000006): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:33313762)