- Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar fluid (HP:0032979): Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were originally known as adiagnostic biomarker of alveolar hemorrhage, but have also been observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:38230350)
- Ground-glass opacification (HP:0025179): On chest radiographs, ground-glass opacity appears as an area of hazy increased lung opacity, usually extensive, within which margins of pulmonary vessels may be indistinct. On CT scans, it appears as hazy increased opacity of lung, with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. It is caused by partial filling of airspaces, interstitial thickening (due to fluid, cells, and/or fibrosis), partial collapse of alveoli, increased capillary blood volume, or a combination of these, the common factor being the partial displacement of air. Ground-glass opacity is less opaque than consolidation, in which bronchovascular margins are obscured. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/3. (PMID:38230350)
- Infantile onset (HP:0003593): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease between 28 days to one year of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Dyspnea (HP:0002094): Difficult or labored breathing. Dyspnea is a subjective feeling only the patient can rate, e.g., on a Borg scale. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/5. (PMID:38230350)
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (HP:0002092): Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:38230350)
- Respiratory insufficiency (HP:0002093). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HP:0001639): Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Elevated circulating NT-proBNP concentration (HP:0031185): The concentration of NT-proBNP (= N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/3. (PMID:38230350)
- Childhood onset (HP:0011463): Onset of disease at the age of between 1 and 5 years. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Right ventricular failure (HP:0001708): Reduced ability of the right ventricle to perform its function (to receive blood from the right atrium and to eject blood into the pulmonary artery), often leading to pitting peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Alveolar septal thickening (HP:0033376): Increased width of the alveolar septum, which is the structure that separates neighboring alveoli. This finding can be appreciated on histology. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:38230350)
- Young adult onset (HP:0011462): Onset of disease at the age of between 16 and 40 years. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Autosomal recessive inheritance (HP:0000007): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele). Evidence: PCS. (PMID:38230350)
- Atrial flutter (HP:0004749): A type of atrial arrhythmia characterized by atrial rates of between 240 and 400 beats per minute and some degree of atrioventricular node conduction block. Typically, the ventricular rate is half the atrial rate. In the EKG; atrial flutter waves are observed as sawtooth-like atrial activity. Pathophysiologically, atrial flutter is a form of atrial reentry in which there is a premature electrical impulse creates a self-propagating circuit. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Cyanosis (HP:0000961): Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosa due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of arterial or capillary blood. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Apnea (HP:0002104): Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Atrioventricular block (HP:0001678): Delayed or lack of conduction of atrial depolarizations through the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Right ventricular hypertrophy (HP:0001667): In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/3. (PMID:38230350)
- Premature birth (HP:0001622): The birth of a baby of less than 37 weeks of gestational age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/4. (PMID:38230350)
- Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (HP:0005954). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:38230350)
These phenotypes are associated with the disease pulmonary hypertension, primary, 6 (OMIM:620777).