Phenotypes associated with the disease neurodevelopmental disorder with speech delay, movement abnormalities, and seizures (OMIM:621456, an entry in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man):
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure (HP:0002069, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Action tremor (HP:0002345, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Delayed CNS myelination (HP:0002188, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Delayed myelination in the central nervous system. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/10. (PMID:41125872)
- Moderate intellectual disability (HP:0002342, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Moderate intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by moderately sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 35-49. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 5/5. (PMID:41125872)
- Mild intellectual disability (HP:0001256, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Mild intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by mildly sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 50-69. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Short stature (HP:0004322, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 0/11. (PMID:41125872)
- Focal impaired awareness seizure (HP:0002384, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Focal impaired awareness seizure (or focal seizure with impaired or lost awareness) is a type of focal-onset seizure characterized by some degree (which may be partial) of impairment of the person's awareness of themselves or their surroundings at any point during the seizure. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Seizure (HP:0001250, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Gait ataxia (HP:0002066, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Hypotonia (HP:0001252, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 7/12. (PMID:41125872)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (HP:0002020, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Ataxia (HP:0001251, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:41125872)
- Infantile onset (HP:0003593, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease between 28 days to one year of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/7. (PMID:41125872)
- Thin corpus callosum (HP:0033725, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/11. (PMID:41125872)
- Nystagmus (HP:0000639, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Aggressive behavior (HP:0000718, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Autism (HP:0000717, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Autism begins in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual (DSM-IV). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Hyperactivity (HP:0000752, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Pes planus (HP:0001763, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Intellectual disability (HP:0001249, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Neonatal onset (HP:0003623, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Onset of signs or symptoms of disease within the first 28 days of life. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/7. (PMID:41125872)
- Truncal ataxia (HP:0002078, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Truncal ataxia is a sign of ataxia characterized by instability of the trunk. It usually occurs during sitting. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Absent speech (HP:0001344, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 3/3. (PMID:41125872)
- Generalized-onset seizure (HP:0002197, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A generalized-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks. The networks may include cortical and subcortical structures but not necessarily the entire cortex. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Dyskinesia (HP:0100660, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Autistic behavior (HP:0000729, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Spastic hemiparesis (HP:0011099, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Unilateral paresis (weakness) with spasticity of the affected muscles and increased tendon reflexes. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Limb hypertonia (HP:0002509, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Multifocal seizures (HP:0031165, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Seizures that start from several different areas of the brain (i.e., with multiple ictal onset locations). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Speech apraxia (HP:0011098, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A type of apraxia that is characterized by difficulty or inability to execute speech movements because of problems with coordination and motor problems, leading to incorrect articulation. An increase of errors with increasing word and phrase length may occur. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Focal-onset seizure (HP:0007359, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 4/6. (PMID:41125872)
- Tremor (HP:0001337, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 6/6. (PMID:41125872)
- Autosomal dominant inheritance (HP:0000006, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. Evidence: PCS. (PMID:41125872)
- Congenital onset (HP:0003577, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A phenotypic abnormality that is present at birth. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/7. (PMID:41125872)
- Hepatomegaly (HP:0002240, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Abnormally increased size of the liver. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Motor delay (HP:0001270, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 11/11. (PMID:41125872)
- Intention tremor (HP:0002080, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A type of kinetic tremor that occurs during target directed movement is called intention tremor. That is, an oscillatory cerebellar ataxia that tends to be absent when the limbs are inactive and during the first part of voluntary movement but worsening as the movement continues and greater precision is required (e.g., in touching a target such as the patient's nose or a physician's finger). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Severe intellectual disability (HP:0010864, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Severe intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a type of ID characterized by severely sub-average adaptive functioning and intellectual functioning, with an intelligence quotient (IQ) the range of 20-34. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Failure to thrive (HP:0001508, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Pain insensitivity (HP:0007021, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Inability to perceive painful stimuli. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Cerebral visual impairment (HP:0100704, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Reduced eye contact (HP:0000817, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A reduced frequency or duration of eye contact. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Arachnoid cyst (HP:0100702, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An extra-parenchymal and intra-arachnoidal collection of fluid with a composition similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/10. (PMID:41125872)
- Anxiety (HP:0000739, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Periventricular leukomalacia (HP:0006970, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Periventricular leukomalacia is characterized by diffuse injury of deep cerebral white matter, accompanied in its most severe form by focal necrosis. The neuropathologic hallmarks of PVL are microglial activation and focal and diffuse periventricular depletion of premyelinating oligodendroglia. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/10. (PMID:41125872)
- Hemiparesis (HP:0001269, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Limb tremor (HP:0200085, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Exotropia (HP:0000577, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Cerebral atrophy (HP:0002059, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/11. (PMID:41125872)
- Scoliosis (HP:0002650, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Delayed speech and language development (HP:0000750, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 9/9. (PMID:41125872)
- Status epilepticus (HP:0002133, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/5. (PMID:41125872)
- Delayed ability to walk (HP:0031936, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 2/2. (PMID:41125872)
- Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years) (HP:0002373, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A febrile seizure is any type of seizure (most often a generalized tonic-clonic seizure) occurring with fever (at least 38 degrees Celsius) but in the absence of central nervous system infection, severe metabolic disturbance or other alternative precipitant in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Inability to walk by childhood/adolescence (HP:0006915, a Human Phenotype Ontology term). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Asthma (HP:0002099, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to multiple stimuli, leading to narrowing of the air passages with resultant dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Psychosis (HP:0000709, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Reduced cerebral white matter volume (HP:0034295, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): An abnormally low volume of the white matter of the brain. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/10. (PMID:41125872)
- Inappropriate laughter (HP:0000748, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): Laughing that may be excessive and/or inappropriate in context (e.g., laughing at a funeral while others are crying). Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Tonic seizure (HP:0032792, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A tonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by unilateral or bilateral limb stiffening or elevation, often with neck stiffening. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)
- Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset (HP:0007334, a Human Phenotype Ontology term): A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with focal onset is a focal-onset seizure which progresses into a bilateral tonic-clonic phase. Evidence: PCS. Frequency: 1/1. (PMID:41125872)